KASHMIR STORY............ CHINESE OCCUPIED KASHMIR - AKSAI CHIN.
Since the hot topic on and off is Chinese Incursion into Indian territory in Laddhakh sector. Here I try to put things in perspective, since I get the feeling that nearly all of us are oblivious of the historical and military background to the Indo-Tibet or Indo-China border issue...........!
Actually there are four lines of INDO-TIBET boundary demarcation in Ladakh sector.
1. The Johnson Line (1885)- Aksai Chin shown as part of Sikh territory of J&K and subsequently under the British mandate of Ladakh. This demarcation was never presented to the Chinese and neither accepted or ratified by them.
2. The Macartney-Macdonald Line (1899)- British fearful of Tzarist Russia's advance along the Karakoram accepted the Chinese interest on Aksai Chin, To keep the Chinese happy and on their side in opposition to Tzarist Russia this line was ratified by both parties. Aksai Chin was "gifted" to the Chinese in exchange for being a bulwark against Tzarist Russia.
3. The Line of Actual Control (LAC) (1962)- The Chinese have positioned themselves generally as per the Macartney-Macdonald line.
(a) LAC........Chinese perception line...
(b) LAC........Indian perception line......
4. There is also something called a British foreign office line 1873.
5. The MacMahon line (1926)- NEFA(Arunachal Pradesh) also LAC(1962).
Post 1947 independent India decided to stake a claim to the 1885 Johnson line which was never ratified, infact the Surveyor Mr WH Johnson was severely reprimanded by the British and was made to resign at that time. The Chinese go by the 1899 Macartney-Macdonald line which is also roughly the LAC.
The beauty or the dichotomy of the whole 1962 war and events thereafter is that the Chinese did actually over run much more territory in both Laddakh and NEFA( Arunachal), but on cessation of hostilities had moved back to the 1899 line unilaterally. Aksai Chin is East of the Macartney-Macdonald line.

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